Liquid projector



Dec. 30, 1924.

- H. E. TUNNELL LIQUID PROJECTOR Filed Jan. 18, 1919',

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 vwcwroz @Hozwu H. E. TUNNELL LIQUID PROJECTOR Filed Jan. 18, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 30, 1' 924.

Patented Dec. 30, 1924.

UNITE.

s arr eerie.

HARRY E. TUNNELLOF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSTQGNOB T FIRE GUN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC., OF NEW YORK, N. 1., A CGEPQRATION 0F NEVI YORK.

LIQUID PROJECTOR.

Application filed January 18, 1919. Serial No. 271,830.

To (ZZZ whom it may concern."

Be it known that I, HARRY E. TUNNELL,

a citizen of the United States, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, andState of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Liq uid Projectors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to devices for pro jecting liquids in the form of a jet or spray, and while intended primarily for the dis charge of fire-extinguishing liquids, is susceptible of other uses, such as the spraying, of plants. the application of paints or clean ing, liquids, etc.

The object of my invention is to simplify in many respects, an apparatus of the class indicated above, with a view of reducing the cost of manufacture and of obtaining a construction of great certainty and efiiciency of operation, and particularly, it has been my aim to reduce the number of pipes employed in the apparatus. For this purpose, I have devised an arrangement in which certain pipes act alternately as suction pipes and as delivery pipes for the pump formmg part ofthe apparatus; other features of the invention will be set forth fully in the description following; hereinafter and in the ap )ended claims.

reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal Section of the apparatus on line 11 of Fig. 2; F in. 2 is a. longitudinal section taken substantiallyjon line 2-42 of F ig. 1; Fig. 3 is a partial transverse section on line 3-3 of Fig. Fig. at is a partial section ofthe parts at the upper left-hand portion of Fig. 2. taken in the same plane as Fig. 2, but with the parts in a different position; Fig. 5 is :1 longitudinal section on the line 5-5 of v Fig. 3, showing"-the parts in a position corresponding to the oneof the parts in Fig. l; F g. 6 1s alongitudinal section of the valve casing;substantially on line 66 of Fig. 7 Fig. T is a detail transverse section on. the line 7-7 of Fig. 6: Fig. 8 is a face view of two spring washers fitted on the pis ton rod of the pump, said rod being shown in section: Fig. 9 is a face view of a. stop limiting the movement of certain valves; Fig. 10 is a partial bottom 'view of the in terior parts; and Fig. 11 is an end view of one of the swinging intake tubes.

The apparatus illustrated in the drawings is composed of a container for the liquid to be projected, and a pump located within the container and adapted to expel the liquid therefrom. The container comprises a shell 20, of cylindrical or other suitable shape, and two heads 21, 22 respectively, preferably of spherical curvature, as will be explained hereinafter. The pump is preferably locatedv at one side of the container. and is composed of a barrel 23 one end of which is set tightly into a suitable casing 24 en- ,tl'aging the shell as shown in Fig. 2 and also engaging the inturned edge or flange 21' of the head 21 at an opening thereof. On the outside of the flange 21 lies a plate formcdwith a central sleeve 25, and ad jacent thereto lies a suitable locking device, which may consist of a flange 26, 1nterrupted as indicated at 26 i (see Fig. 1) to allow the passage of a suitable projection 27 on the handle 27 of theflpump. said handle being locked against longitudinal movement when the projection 27 has, been turned out of registry with the gap or open inc; 26, with the handle in its innermost position. When the handle 27 is moved fully inward, the free edge of the sleeve 25 engages a asher situated in a recess??? of the handle, thereby securing a tight oint when the handle is int-he locked position.

The casing Ql is made with a passage 9A and with a duct 24 which communicates with said passage and also with a. pipe 29 extending lengthwise of the container, ad: jacent to the barrel .23. On the outsideot the passage 2i, the casing 9A- is formed with a chamber for obtaining a liquid-tight joint while providing: a vent for the entrance of air into the container as the liquid is being expelled therefrom. This means comprises a box 30 screw-threaded into the outer end of the chamber 24 and fitted against a shoulder of the casin 'Ql adjacent to the passage 2d: this inner end of the box has a central perfo 'ation for the passage and 'guidanceof the piston rod 31, to the outer end of which the handle 27 is secured. The inner end of the box 30 is formed with a preferably curve-d seat for a washer 32 made of asbestos felt or other suitable material. The outer surface of this washer is engaged by a cup shaped washer 83 of spring metal, and a similar elastic washer 3+1; fitted within the box 30 adjacent to the washer. 33, these lOU washers 33, 34 should be given a position in which said slots will be in longitudinal alignment, there would still be left a passage from the space 24 to the space immediately adjacent to the piston rod, since owing to the non-circular shape of said slots and the conv'exity of the washers, the. edges of one slot could never be in contact with the edges of the other slot along its entire outline.

Exteriorly of the cup-shapedwasher 34, the chamber 24* contains another washer 35 of felt or other material loose enough to allow V the chamber 24*.

air to pass therethrough, and the outer face of'this washer 35 is engaged by the concave inner face of a gland 36 screwed into the outer end of the box and having a tubular' projection extending into the sleeve 25. The spring washers 34 areput under tension by the pressure of the gland 36,. so as to properly expand the soft washers 32, 35 into good engagement with the walls of Vi hile the piston rod 31 has a sliding fit in thegla-nd 36 and in the washers 34, 35', such fit is sufficiently loose to provide an air-passage or vent from the surrounding air to the space 24, forvthe purpose more fully set forth hereinafter. The

box 30- is spaced at its inner portion from the cylindrical wall of chamber 24*, thus formingan annular space in permanent communication with the space 24*, through one or more ducts 30, and also with the interior of the container, through one or more channels 24, arranged preferably at the lower portion of the chamber 24*.

The end oft'he pipe 29opposite to the casing 24 is connected with the section 37 of a valve casing. located at the central portion of the pump. This section has an L-shapedchannel 38in permanent communication with the pipe 29 and therefore with theuoper or outer compartment ofthe pump barrel 23. From said channel 3S a duct 38" leads to a seat for a ball valve 39, and another duct 38" leads to a port provided I with a stop 40 for a ba-llvalve 41.. The valves 39 and 41 are contained in a second section 42 of the said central valve casing, the edge of said second section being crimped, as at 42. to connect it securely with the section 37. The ball' valve 41 is adaptedto engage guide ribs 42 of the sec tion 42', the circle or cylinder which 0011- tain'sthe inner edges of the ribs 42 being sufficiently larger than a great circleof the ball 41 to insure engagement of. said ball with no more than two ribs at a time (as shown in Fig. 7), over an angle of less than 180, thereby insuring a proper. guiding of the ball valve, and preventi'i'i'g it from getting stuck or jammed between said ribs. Preferably five ribs are employed, at even distances apart. As shown in" Fig. 7 the ribs are tapered toward their free or inner edges, so that at any one time, the engagement of the" ball with a rib will be at a single point, and the path": of such point of contact or engagement will accordingly "be along a single line Between said ribs 42", the section 42 is formed with a: chamber 43, in permanent communication with the channel 38.

for the valve 41, the latter, when seated as shown in Fig. 6, closing the communication from the chamber 43 to a longitudinal passage 44 in the section 42. At the opposite end of' the passage 44 is located an enlargement or chamber 45 similar to the chamber 43, with ribs 42 similar to the ribs 42".

similar to the valve 41 and adapted to become seated. at the junction of the chamber 45 with the passage 44, The. central por tion' of thisv passage-is connected, by a traile verse duct 44! contained in atubular lateral extension 42 of the section 42, with a longi tu'dinal passage 44" ina portion 42 of the section 42. At the ends of said passage are provided seats for ball valves 47, between which is interposed loosely a separator 48,

of such length that when oneof the balls 47 is seated, the other ball will be off its eat. Exteriorly of the valve seats, the portion 42 is provided with longitudinal guide ribs 42, of the same character as the ribs 42", 42*. The outward movement ofthe" of said seat to engage the ball" valve: when it is in the position illustrated at the lower 1 portion of" Fig. 6, andv thus to prevent the hall: from engaging the seat along a material portion offits surface, which surface engagement might result in a sticking of the ball; The seat portion of the stop 49' is connected with the body portion thereof by ribs 49" between which are- At the inner end of the chamber 43.there' is seat I The ribs 42* form guides for a ball valve 46.

formed openings 49* for the passage of the V fluid, the stops 49* being tubular, at their outer portions. Sleeves or ,thiinble's 50 fitted into the enlargementscontaining the stops 49, hold saidi stops against shoulders in the portion 42*, said thi mbles being them selves held in place in any suitable manner,

tion 42 as indicated at 42 The thimbles contain suitable washers 51 (say of felt).

in engagement with the outer surfaces of universally-rocking perforated balls 52, each connected rigidly with a swinging intakepipe 53. These pipes are preferably weighted, as at 54, to cause them to swing more readily by gravity, each pipe taking the lowest position that the position and shape of the container will allow. The weights 54 are sleeves which may be held securely on the respective pipes 53 by pressingthe metal inward, as at 54, thus nicking thesleeve 54 and at the same time possibly slightly deforming the pipe 53 at that point. As i a further safeguard against movement of the sleeve 54 relatively to the pipe 53. the latter may be of circular cross section in its main portion, but slightly oval or flattened at the free end so that one of its diameters will be slightly larger than the diameter of the sleeve opening, as i11- dicated in Fig. 11.

The central valve casing also comprises a third section adapted to fit against the face of the section 42 opposite to that engaged by he section 37. This section 55 has a surface groove 56 forming a transverse channel in conjunction with the adjacent surface of the section l2, and is also provided with a longitudinal-duct 56' communicating with said channel 56 and with one end of a longitudinal channel 57 provided in the section 42, the other end of said channel- 57 being provided with a seat for the ball valve 39, which is thus adapted to become seated either at thesaid end of the channel 57. or atthe adjacent end of the duct 38'. The section 55 also has a stop 55 for limiting themovement of the valve 45 away from its seat. The connection of the section 55 with the section 42 is effected in any suitable manner, preferably by crimping the edge of the latter section, as indicated at 42*, When formed as illustrated, the three sections 37. 42, and 55 may be readily produced as die-castings, and therefore at a comparatively low cost. The only operation required subsequently to the casting operation, would be the drilling of the transverse channel ll. its outer end being then closed bv a plug 42 say of solder. The section 42 is also formed with a fork 42 adapted to straddle the pump barrel 23. as indicated in Fig. 3, so as to properly position the central valve casing relatively to the pump barrel.

The lower end of the duct 56 is connected with a pipe 58, shown in line with the pipe 29, and leading to a port 58 (Figs. 2- and 5) at the end of the barrel 23 op posite to the casing 2st, said port being in a lower casing 59 into which the lower end of the pump barre-l 23 is fitted, the port 58 therefore being in*comnmnication with the lower compartment of the pump barrel.

The lower edge of the casing 59 is crimped as at 59', to connect said casing with a sleeve 60, engaging the head 22 on its inner surface, and screw-threaded internally for connection with an outlet member 61 provided with an outwardly-extending nozzle 61 and also with an inwardly-extending tube 61". The nozzle 61 is shown soldered to a plate 62 soldered to the outer surface of the head 22, the latter having an opening the edge of which is clamped between the said plate and the sleeve 60. In a recess on the inner face of the outlet member 61.

and surrounding the tube 61", is seated a washer 63, adapted to be engaged by the free edge of a cup-shaped member 64, which contains a washer 65 adapted to engage the inner end of the tube 61", thus forming a double-seated valve having a double seal, see Fig. 2. A spring 66, coiled around the tube 61", tends to force the cup or valve 64 away from the outlet member 61, and thus to open the valve. On its inner side, the valve 64 is provided with an axial. tubular extension 64 surrounded by a spring 67 which normally tends to force away from said valve, aslide 68 having an axial stem guided in the tubular extension 64. and in the plate or partition 59 located below the port 58. The slide (38 is formed with a plate 68 forming a hearing or abutment for the upper end of the spring 67, and also adapted to engage a washer 69 and to press the came against the partition 59", so as to form a tight joint where the stem of the slide 68 passes through said partition, at such times when tightness of this joint required by the conditions of operation, as explained hereinafter. The spring 67 is stronger than the spring 66. lVhen the valve or open, the nozzle 61 communicates with the chamber 70 in which said valve and the larger portion ofthe slide 68, 68 are arranged, and said chamber has a port 70 in permanent communication with a pipe 71. leading to an angular channel 72 in the section 42 of the central valve casing; this channel is partly a surface groove co-operating with the adjacent surface of the section 37, and leads to the two seats of the ball valve 39.

The inner or upper end of the sliding stem 68 is adapted to be engaged by the lower or inner end of the rod 31, said rod projecting beyond the piston 73 (Fig. 2).

The casings 59 and 2e! are provided with guides 74. and 75 respectively, said guides being of the same shape and arrangement. which shape is shown best in Fig. 10.

It will be noted that the pipes 29, 58, and 71, as well as the pump barrel 23, extend in the same direction longitudinally of the container, so that these parts may be readily'connected with each other and 1 communicationwith the pipe 29 and through it with what Iinay term an intermediate chamber, which chamber consists of the channel 38, its ducts 38', 3S", and tl'ie:eha1n-- ber 43. Similarly, the barrel compartment on the other side otthepiston 73 is in permanent communication, through the pipe 58, with al'iother intermediate chamber consistin' oi the chamber 45, and the'channels 56, 5'1 with the duct 56. The channels 4.4, 44 and those in eomnn'micationwith the latter may be termed a suction chamber common to both of the aforesaid intermediate chambers, and the channel 72 connected with the pipe 71 and with the chamber 70, may be termed an outletchamber' likewise common to both intermediate chambers. T he valves 39 and 41 open away from andtoward the intermediate chamber connected with the pipe 29, and the vla-ves 4:5 and 39 open inwardly and outwardly respectively with reference to the other intermediate chamber (the one cmn'iected' with the pipe The valve 39 controls the connection of the outletchamber alternate- 1y with the two intermediate chambers.

1 \Vhen the apparatus is not in use, the handle 27 pushed in fully until the projection 27. having passed throughthe gap 26 andl'iaring been turned under the flange 26, is locked by said flange against longitudinal movement. Such inward movement of the handle 27 also brings the inner end of the piston rod to a position (Fig. 2) in which the slide 68 is moved toward the nozzle (Sl'to a sufiic-ient extent to seat the valve Ghthus preventing any leak at the outlet. The interposition of the spring 67 between theslide 68 and the valve Gd: enables the valve to become pro 'ierly seatea'l' notwithstanding any inaccuracies due to wear or to imperfect manufacture. The container is filled through a suitable opening which is then closed air-tight (without a vent-valve) by a: solid plug 76 (his. I

In order to operate the apparatus, the handle 2-7 is first turned to bring its projection SET/ into registry with the opening or gap 26, so that the handle and the .pi'ston 73' may now be given a reciprocating movement. Preferably, the handle isfirst moved outwardly until its projection 27 clears the flange 26, and is then turned slightly so that said flange will form a stop in the'path of the projection 27 so that at its inward stroke, the. piston rod 31 wi11 not reach. the valve-closing ositionshowirin Fig. 2; As

soon as the handle ismovedo'utwardly from the position indicated in Fig. 2, the com pression of the spring 67 is; relaxed,- and as the "outwardmovement ofthe'piston rod con-g tinu'es the spring 67 will be relaxed to 'a' su'lificient' e xtentfto allow the spring 66' to open the valve 64, see Fig. 5, thus establish- 111g a tree 'comn'mmcation between the chanr ber 70 and the nozzle 61'.

AS: the handle 27 is reciprocated' with the piston rod 31 and with the piston 73,- the. following ope-ration takes" place: the inward stroke, the piston i fwliich is solid in the sense that it has no passage lead During I ing through it) exerts suction in the com partment connected with the pipe 29, and pressure in the compartment connected with the pipe' 58; This: suction causes liquld to pass into the barrel .43 through'thepipe' 2-9 a from the channel 38, that is to sa'yi from the mterinediate chamber of'which said channel forms part. Said suction causes the valve 39 to engage its "upper seat, thus shutting oli' communication between said intcrmedi ate chamber and the outlet chain I ber formed by the channel 7 2. At thesame time, said suction moves the valve 41 oif its seat, thus establishing commun cation be} tXVGGTl said intermediate 3 chamber and V the channel 44 forming part of the suction chain-- her. This suction chamber is always in com n'mnication with the liquid-space ofthe container; since the gravity valves'l'lwill automatically take such a position that the upper one of them will be closed, so that the pipe" The position of the gravity valves 47 depends on the position in which the container is held, but the action of the other parts of the apparatus is independent of the posh tion of the apparatus. The pressure exerted by the piston 73 during the inward stroke-will force liquid trom the compartment having" the port 58; through the pipe hSinto the duct 56 and'channel 56,that is to say, int-o the other intermediate chamber of the central valve casing. This pressure, acting throughthe cl'iam'ber do, will force the ball valved-6 against its seat and thus sluit oti' communication between said intermediate chamber and thesuction chamber of which the channel t-t forms part. liquid under pressure reaching said inter- The mediate chamber will therefore flow through the channel 57into the channel 72 (assisting in keepingthe valve 39 against the orifice of the duct 38), and will thenfiow through the pipe 71 and port 70 into the chamber 70, and out through the member 61 and its nozzle 61. The pressure of the liquid in the chamber 70 will press the plate 68 against the washer 69, thus preventing communication of said chamber with the adjacent compartment of the barrel. It is true that at this particular stage of the operation, no harm would result if the chamber 70 did communicate with theadjacent compartment of the pump barrel, but at certain other periods, as will be described presently, it is necessary to shut off the chamber 70 from the adjacent pump compartment. t 7

During the outward stroke of the piston, pressure will be exerted in the pump barrel compartment connected with the pipe 29, and the liquid thus expelled from said compartment will pass through said pipe into the corresponding intermediate chamber, that is-to say, into the channel 38, its ducts 38, 38", and the chamber 43. This will force the valve 41 against its seat, thereby shutting off said intermediate chamber from the'channel {14 of the suction chamber. At

the same time, the valve 39 will be forced away from the orifice of the duct 38 against its other sea-t (see position Fig. 5), thus connecting the outlet chamber (channel 72) with said intermediate chamber, and disconnecting the outlet chamber from the other intermediate chamber (of which the channel 57 forms a part). The liquid will then pass to the chamber and to the nozzle 61 as before, and the pressure in said chamber will cause the slide plate 68 to hold the washer 69 tightly against the partition 59 so as to close tightly the joint between said plate and said partition, since at this time there is suction in the pump compartment connected with the pipe 58, and if there was no tight joint where the stem of the slide 68 passes through the partition59, some liquid, instead of passing from the chamber'ZO to the nozzle 61, would be sucked from said chamber into said compartment of the pump barrel. During this outward stroke of the piston, liquid is sucked into said compartment through the pipe 58 from the intermediate chamber of which the duct 56 forms a part, the valve 39 being seated toward said chamber to shut it off from the outlet chamber 72, partly by suction within the channel 57, and partly, as stated above, owing to the pressure in duct 38 and channel 72. Suction within the channel 56 causes the valve 16 to move ofi' its seat, thus establishing communication between the intermediate chamber connected with the pipe 58, and the suction chamber of which the channel 44: forms part. Thus liquid from the container is drawn into the pump atevery stroke of the piston, and expelled in a practically continuous stream from the outlet 61, the chamber 70 also acting as a windchest to steady and regularize the outflow of the liquid. Generally only one of the gravity valves 47 will be open, although in the special case when the container is held so that its longitudinal axis will be horizontal, both gravity valves 47 may be open at the same time. In any event, when some of the liquid has been expelled so that there is an air space in the container, the pipe 53 whose free end communicates with such air space will be shutofi from communication with the suction chamber of the central valve casing, by the action of the gravity valve 47 which at that time is the upper valve. The universal connection of the swinging pipes 53 with the central valve casing enables the free ends of said intake pipes to reach practically every point adjacent to the inner surfaces of the respective heads 21 and 22, and preferably said surfaces are of spherical curvature, with the center of curvature coinciding with 'the center about which the respective pipe 53 swings, that is to say, with the geometrical center of the respective ball 52. The guides 74 and 75 prevent the free ends of the pipes 53 from swinging over too close to the end casings 24 and 59 and from becoming wedged or stuck in the corners of the container adjacent to said end casings; otherwise, however, the movement of the pipes 53 is restrained only by the shell 20. i

As liquid is expelled from the container, there would be considerable resistance to the operation of the pump, owing to the formation of a partial vacuum in the container, unless provision is made for admitting air to the interior of the container, in a volume corresponding to that of the liquid expelled. This air is admitted, according to the present invention, from the outside, along the piston rod 31, through the tubular projection of the gland 36, the felt washer 35, and the slot 34 of the outer cup-shaped washer 34, into the space 24*, and then through the duct or ducts 30' into the annular space 24* surrounding the box 30 within the chamber 24*. From this annular space the air passes into the main space of the container through the channel or channels 24.

Any liquid leaking outwardly along the piston rod 31, particularly during its outward stroke, will pass through the central opening at the inner end or" the box 30 and first reach the washer 32, which will absorb such liquid. When the washer 32 has become saturated with liquid, a further leak -35, ireduce or :destroy its capacity for [admit ting air as described above. In order that the outer washer .35 may always remain permeable toair, so .as'to actwas a satisfactory air-vent, any liquid which, after satmating the inner washer 32, should reach the inner cup-shaped washer 33,, passes through the slot 33 vofsaid washer into the space PAKand-then through the duct or ducts into :the annular space surrounding the inner portion of the box30, sand from this space through the channelor channels 243 into the main space of thecontainer, so as to be led backto the body of liquid therein. The channel or channels 24; therefore form notonly air-inlets, but also return channels for any liquid that may leak into :the space 242. Should -,a few dropsof the liquid reach the slotSd of the outer cup-shaped washer 35L, the pi'acticallyconstant rush of air pass ing through the'washer 35 and slotv 3 L during the operationiof :the pump :will immedlatelycarry such liquid back into the space low cost for materials and labor, while the provision against leakage is sothorough as to secure a very high efficiency ofthe pumpmg action.

It will be noted an reach of the tubes 29 and 58 serves alternately as a suction pipe and as a delivery pipe, and by utilizing them for .this double function I am enabled to reduce .the number of pipes employedr After unsol'dering the plate 62, at least at its outer edge, the outlet member 61 with the nozzle 6lmay be removed readily, thereby afiording access to the chamber 70, for

the removal of the valve 64, slide 68, and

"springs .66, 67, ifdesired,

Various modifications may be made without departing from they nature or my invention as set forth in. the appended claims.

g I claim as my invention:

1. In apparatus of the class described, a container, a pump locatedthercm and comprisingfa barrel and a reciprocating piston, means whereby the reciprocation of said piston will cause fluid to be expelled from the container, a packing box throughwhich said piston rod extends, containing packing pervions to. an, and an arr-vent connection leading from a point in said packing .box adyaoent to said p ston rod to the anterior of .thecontainer, whereby air will pass during ofithe container and (blow aback into the icontainer, along. the .ipiston rod," any .sliqu'id which mayhare passed outwardly :along the piston :rod intosaid packing.

2. In apparatus of the class container, a pump comprising a barrel located within the container, apis'ton reciprocating :in said barrel and a piston :rod .ex-' tenclingitothe outside of the container, packdescribed, :a

ing pervious .to air surrounding-said piston rod, .and a valveless air-vent channel for admitting air through thesaid packing, along said piston rod ,to the interior-ofthe eontainer. v V y 3. In apparatus of the-class described, a

double-acting pump having two eompartf ments, a valve-casing comprising an end section formed with a channel jnpermanent :commmiioation with one of said pump compartments, and avitli'. two ducts -.commi 1nieating with. said channel, 1a middle section provided with two delivery channels located adjacent-to one :of saitl'-.clucts a valve controllingthe :connectionof one of said delivery channels ieither withthe other do livery channel :or with said duct, two (aha-m bers one of which is in permanent communication. with the other, duct Of.-S3.1Cl and section, a suction channel and valve mechanism .control;li ng [the alternate commtm-ica-f tion ot said'suot onchamiel WltlIS2tlCl0l1MD hers, and :another end section-titted .-against the other end of the middle section and 7 provided with .a channehin permanent com munication with. the otl'ie-r pump aconrparb ment, with the other-chamber otthevmiddle section, and with (the last-named delivery channel of sa-idfn'iiddle section. 5 V

at. In apparatus of .the class described; a doublencting pump having vtwo compartments, and a valve-casing comprising an end section formed with asuction duct and a delivery duct in permanent .comiirunica t-ion with one of said p nup compartments, a middle section formed with an outlet channel and with a delivery channel adjacent to said delivery-duct, a valve mechanism controlling the connection. of said-outlet channel with either-said delivery channel or said delivery d-uct, saidcmiddle .section also having a suction channeh andaanother end section having suction 'and delivery ports ii /permanent communication with the other pump compartmentand with said delivery channel, andv valve mechanism controlling the alternate connection of said suction channel with the suction rduct and suction port of the two end sections.

A fluid-container, means tor expelling fluid from said container comprisinga piston pu1np,,a rod .to reciprocate theipiston of said pump, a packing box through which the piston rod of. sari-d pump extends, a

passage leading from said packing box to the interior of said container, piston packing surrounding said piston rod and divided into two portions lying on opposite sides of the point at which said passage leads to the packing box, whereby said passage communicates with a point between said two packing portions.

6. In apparatus of the class described, a container, a piston pump located within said container, a rod to reciprocate the piston of said pump, packing for said piston rod pervious to air, and means for admitting air from the outside of the. container through said packing to the interior of said container, substantially as described.

7. In apparatus of the class described, a pump, a casing provided with an outlet chamber connected with the pump, and with a nozzle leading from said chamber, a valve movable inline with the path of the pump piston and adapted to close said nozzle, a slide interposed between the pump piston and said valve, the valve and slide being formed, the one with a sleeve, and the other with a stem entering said sleeve and in sliding engagement therewith, a spring surrounding said sleeve andbearing against said valve and said slide with a tendency to separate them, and means for causing the valve to open.

8. In apparatus of the class described, a pump, a casing provided with an outlet chamber connected with the pump and having a nozzle with a tubular projection extending into said chamber inwardly, a washer surrounding said projection, a cupshaped valve movable longitudinally of said projection and having an edge adapted to engage said washer, a washer located within the valve and adapted to engage the end of said projection, at the same time that the edge of the valve engages said washer, and means for operating said valve.

9. In apparatus of the class described, a

container, a pump located therein and comprising a barrel, a reciprocating piston therein, and a piston rod extending to the outside of the container, means whereby the reciprocation of said piston will cause fluid to be expelled from the container, a packing box through which said rod extends, two spaced washers located in said box, and the outer one of said washers serving for the inward passage of air, while the inner washer serves to absorb any fluid leaking along the piston rod, and a COIl118C- tion from the space between said washers to the interior of the container.

10. In apparatus of the class described, a container, a pump comprising a barrel 10c, ed within the container, a reciprocating piston in said barrel, and a piston rod extending to the outside of the container, means whereby the reciprocation of the piston will cause fluid to be expelled from the container, a packing box through which said rod extends, said box containing an inner and an outer washer of permeable material, with a space between said washers which is in communication with the interior of the container, and two elastic cup-shaped washers fitted between said firstnamed washers and provided with central apertures in permanent communication with said space.

11. In apparatus of the class described, a container, a pump comprising a barrel located within said container, a reciprocating piston in said barrel, and a piston rod ex- "tending to the outside of the container,

means whereby the reciprocation of the piston will cause fluid to be expelled from the container, a packing box through which said rod extends, permeable washers located within said box at difierent distances from its ends, and separated by a space in permanent communication with the interior of the container, and two dished washers set between the first-named washers, the convex faces of said dished washers being in contact with each other and provided with noncircular openings in permanent communication with said space.

In testimony whereof,

I have signed this specification.

HARRY E. TUNNELL. 

